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61.
Bean plants have been fumigated for 1 h with 300 or 1000 nl litre(-1) SO(2). Dependent on the SO(2) concentration, we observed an evolution of ethane the leaves. Even with 1000 nl litre(-1) SO(2) the evolution lasted for only 4 h. Pretreatment of single leaves with the radical scavenger ethoxyquin prevented this SO(2)-induced ethane formation. Another indication for the initiation of radicalic peroxidative processes by SO(2) was obtained by the manipulation of the endogenous antioxidants vitamin C and glutathione. An increase of both compounds by application of precursors of both biosynthetic pathways could completely suppress peroxidative ethane evolution. We also found a very good quantitative correlation between endogenous glutathione and ethane formation after SO(2) treatment. During these peroxidative processes, several cell components like fatty acids, chlorophylls, carotenoids and vitamin C were decreased. Based on our results, a mechanism for SO(2) induction of radical reactions leading to peroxidation and the role of endogenous antioxidants are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Sequence-based source tracking of Escherichia coli based on genetic diversity of beta-glucuronidase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ram JL Ritchie RP Fang J Gonzales FS Selegean JP 《Journal of environmental quality》2004,33(3):1024-1032
High levels of fecal bacteria are a concern for recreational waters; however, the source of contamination is often unknown. This study investigated whether direct sequencing of a bacterial gene could be utilized for detecting genetic differences between bacterial strains for microbial source tracking. A 525-nucleotide segment of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (uidA) was sequenced in 941 Escherichia coli isolates from the Clinton River-Lake St. Clair watershed, 182 E. coli isolates from human and animal feces, and 34 E. coli isolates from a combined sewer. Environmental isolates exhibited 114 alleles in 11 groups on a genetic tree. Frequency of strains from different genetic groups differed significantly (p < 0.03) between upstream reaches (Bear Creek-Red Run), downstream reaches, and Lake St. Clair beaches. Fecal E. coli uidA sequences exhibited 81 alleles that overlapped with the environmental set. An algorithm to assign alleles to different host sources averaged approximately 75% correct classification with the fecal data set. Using the same algorithm, the percent of environmental isolates assignable to humans decreased significantly between Bear Creek-Red Run (30 +/- 3%) and the beaches (17 +/- 2%) (p < 0.05). Birds accounted for approximately 50% of assignable environmental isolates. For combined sewer isolates, the same algorithm assigned 51% to humans. These experiments demonstrate differences in the frequency of different E. coli strains at different locations in a watershed, and provide a "proof in principle" that sequence-based data can be used for microbial source tracking. 相似文献
63.
Carine S. Silva Icaro T. A. Moreira Olivia M. C. de Oliveira Antonio F. S. Queiroz Karina S. Garcia Brunno A. Falcão Narayana F. C. Escobar Mariana Cruz Rios 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):1271-1280
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the concentrations and spatial distribution of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the intertidal zone surface sediment of Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil, to assess the distribution and degree of contamination by TPHs, measure the level of TPH degradation in the surface sediment, and identify the organic matter sources. The surface sediment used in this study was collected in 50 stations, and TPHs, isoprenoid alkanes (pristane and phytane), and unresolved complex mixture (UCM) were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The total concentrations ranged from 0.22 to 40,101 μg g?1 dry weight and showed a strong correlation with the total organic carbon (TOC) content. The highest TPH concentrations were observed in samples from the mangrove sediments of a river located near a petroleum refinery. Compared with other studies in the world, the TPH concentrations in the intertidal surface sediment of Todos os Santos Bay were below average in certain stations and above average in others. An analysis of the magnitude of UCM (0.11 to 17,323 μg g?1 dry weight) and the ratios nC17/Pr and nC18/Ph suggest that an advanced state of oil weathering, which indicates previous contamination. The molar C/N ratios varied between 5 and 43, which indicate organic matter with a mixed origin comprising marine and continental contributions. 相似文献
64.
Silva Lídia Gaudêncio Ribeiro Costa Elizângela Pinheiro Starling Maria Clara Vieira Martins dos Santos Azevedo Taíza Bottrel Sue Ellen Costa Pereira Renata Oliveira Sanson Ananda Lima Afonso Robson José Cassia Franco Amorim Camila C. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24067-24078
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The goal of this work was to evaluate the performance of the LED irradiated photo-Fenton process on the removal of (i) estrogenic activity and (ii)... 相似文献
65.
Ribeiro Camila Silva Lansarin Marla Azário 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23667-23674
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The conversion of CO2 into new carbon-based products, such as fuels and chemicals, is an attractive and promising means of mitigating global energy... 相似文献
66.
67.
Being an archipelagic nation, the Philippines is susceptible and vulnerable to the ill-effects of weather-related hazards. Extreme weather events, which include tropical cyclones, monsoon rains and dry spells, have triggered hazards (such as floods and landslides) that have turned into disasters. Financial resources that were meant for development and social services have had to be diverted in response, addressing the destruction caused by calamities that beset different regions of the country. Changing climatic patterns and weather-related occurrences over the past five years (2004-08) may serve as an indicator of what climate change will mean for the country. Early recognition of this possibility and the implementation of appropriate action and measures, through disaster risk management, are important if loss of life and property is to be minimised, if not totally eradicated. This is a matter of urgent concern given the geographical location and geological characteristics of the Philippines. 相似文献
68.
Nogueira L Rodrigues AC Trídico CP Fossa CE de Almeida EA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,180(1-4):243-255
Considering that diesel oil is one of the most common aquatic contaminants, we compare the oxidative stress between two species of fish with different habitats (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, benthic and Oreochromis niloticus, nektonic) exposed to diesel oil. Malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) and the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase were all analyzed in the fishes' livers and gills after 2 and 7 days of exposure to different concentrations of diesel (0.1 and 0.5 mL/L). In the tilapia, MDA levels and the activities of EROD and GST activity in the liver, as well as MDA levels and the activities of GST and SOD in the gill had statistically significant differences between the treatments and between the times of exposure. For the catfish, the same occurred in the case of MDA, EROD, and SOD in the liver and in CAT and SOD in the gills. There were significant differences in the enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation between the species. Although the activity of most enzymes seemed to be more expressive and responsive to diesel in O. niloticus, diesel oil also caused significant effects on oxidative stress parameters in P. anisitsi, even though this species is benthic and thus has less access to insoluble fractions of diesel oil. Therefore, both species can be used as sentinel organisms in environmental biomonitoring of diesel contamination. 相似文献
69.
William D. Shuster Dennis Lye Armah De La Cruz Lee K. Rhea Katharine O'Connell Amanda Kelty 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(4):753-765
The collection, storage, and reuse of rainwater collected in rain barrels from urban rooftop areas assists municipalities in achieving stormwater management objectives and in some areas also serves as an adjunct resource for domestic water supplies. In this study, rainwater reuse and levels of select microbial indicators were monitored for six residential rain barrels located in the Shepherd Creek watershed of Cincinnati, Ohio. Water from rain barrels typically had poor microbial quality and was used for watering indoor and outdoor plants. Rain barrel water chemistry was slightly acidic, exhibited wide ranges in conductivity, turbidity, and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and gave no evidence of the presence of cyanobacterial microcystin toxins. Selected microbial water‐quality indicators indicated that counts of total coliform and enterococci were consistently above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards for secondary recreational contact water‐quality standards. Residential rain barrels can provide water appropriate for low‐contact reuses (such as plant watering), although there may be transient periods of high levels of indicator bacteria in the collected water. 相似文献
70.
In order to contribute to a future waste management policy related to the presence of technologically enhanced natural occurring radioactive material (TENORM) in the Brazilian petroleum industry, the present work presents the chemical composition and the 226Ra and 228Ra content of sludge and scales generated during the offshore E and P petroleum activities in the Campos Basin, the primary offshore oil production region in Brazil.The 226Ra and 228Ra content on 36 sludge and scales samples were determined by gamma-spectrometry. Based on X-ray diffractometry results, a chemical analysis schema for these samples was developed. The results have shown that scales are 75% barium and strontium sulfates, with a mean 226Ra and 228Ra content of 106 kBq kg−1 and 78 kBq kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, sludge samples have a much more complex chemical composition than the scales. The 226Ra and 228Ra content in sludge also varies much more than the content observed in the scales samples and ranged from 0.36 to 367 kBq kg−1 and 0.25 to 343 kBq kg−1, respectively. 相似文献